Dogs, just like humans, go through stages as they grow and live. I have tried to break the major developmental traits and changes down as best I could. However, you will notice there are several overlaps in the time periods.
That is because there seems to be stages within stages. I believe it will all make sense after you have completed the document.
BIRTH – ABOUT 12-14 DAYS
The gestation period of dogs is approximately 60 days. When the puppies arrive their eyes and ears are sealed shut. With no sight or hearing their strongest sense is that of touch.
The newborn puppies have to be kept warm – they will stay close to their mother and littermates. Their nervous system is not fully developed.
ABOUT 2 WEEKS
The eyes open but the puppies cannot see well – may be sensitive to bright lights.
BETWEEN 13 – 14 AND 20 DAYS
The puppies are beginning to hear and respond to taste and smell. Puppies are crawling and even walking with a wobbly gait. Exploration of surroundings is beginning. The puppies are becoming increasing alert.
3 – 5 WEEKS
The puppies begin learning dog-like behaviors and body posturing. They will begin biting, barking, and even chasing. The puppies begin to respond to people as there is a rapid sensory development.
The submissive posture may be learned as the puppies are disciplined by their mother. The puppies are accepting the mother as pack leader and they are learning basic dog manners.
Pack hierarchy is developed through play. The puppies enjoy wrestling with littermates.
ABOUT 7 WEEKS
The puppies should be completely weaned by this time. This is a rapid learning period. Socialization is essential during this stage and the puppies should be handled daily. Socialization includes people and littermates/other dogs.
8 – 12 WEEKS
It is during this time that most puppies move to their new and permanent home. Any traumatic experience at this time can affect the dog for the rest of his/her life.
All training sessions should be short and they should be set up to allow the puppy to succeed. A physical or psychological trauma or upset may result in the puppy developing an avoidance response.
An important issue is that of having a puppy-proof environment before the puppy comes home. Keep in mind the low level that your puppy will see the world from. Most homes have some dangerous items within the reach of a small puppy.
Things to consider include electrical cords and even in some cases, drapery cords. If there are children in the home there may be small toys in the floor. Not only can a puppy destroy some toys they may be harmed by ingesting or choking on the items.
Many plants are poisonous – it is wise to move any plant you are not sure of to a place the puppy cannot access. Household cleaners can be fatal to your puppy – always be sure they are out of reach. The same is true of medications. Just as with a baby, your puppy’s safety may be enhanced via the use of baby gates – and you will rest easier!
Preparation for your new puppy should also include gathering needed accessories. A dog crate/kennel will be useful for housebreaking and traveling. Additionally, the crate can be your puppy’s home within your home. Dogs in the wild use dens as homes. Believe it or not your little pet will enjoy having a den of his/her own.
You will need two bowls, one for food and one for water. Insure that the bowls are size appropriate. You may find that you need to buy a larger size as your baby grows.
When it comes to food you should at least start with whatever food your puppy was being fed before you brought him/her home. If you decide to change the food be sure to do so slowly. Begin by mixing about ¼ new food to ¾ of the older food. Feed that mixture for about 4 – 7 days before adding even more of the new food. Once again, feed the new mixture for a period of time before making the complete switch.
Having a pre-arranged veterinarian appointment is a good idea. In fact, the sooner you can get a well-puppy check up the better.
You may also want to enroll your puppy in some training/obedience classes. Checking out the schools, trainers and class options before bringing your puppy home can be an advantage.
Joining memberships or simply purchasing books about dogs can mean the difference between a wonderful relationship with your new pet or you looking for a new home for a dog that doesn’t seem to fit!
Every dog needs toys. Be sure that you buy size appropriate toys. As time goes on you will discover what type of toy your special dog prefers. Some dogs prefer anything they can fetch and others enjoy toys that squeak.
A leash will be very useful. While training your puppy a 6 foot long nylon leash and a harness will be helpful. Speaking of training – don’t forget the treats!
3 – 7 MONTHS
During this time your little fur ball is likely to demonstrate extreme bursts of energy followed with nap time. He/she will probably enjoy rough play. It is during this time that puppies lose their milk teeth – therefore dental care should be started.
To assist with this task be sure to provide hard chew treats and toys that your puppy enjoys chewing on. You may need to practice the trading technique – as in you trade your appropriate chew toy for whatever inappropriate item your puppy finds.
4 – 8 MONTHS
This can be a challenging period – especially for unprepared owners. It is important to understand that your pet is going through physical as well as psychological changes. Try to be patient and understanding – even when your Fur-baby decides to test his/her limits. Be in control and assert your dominance but never resort to physical discipline.
8 – 18 MONTHS
The high energy continues and sometimes even increases. This period is considered adolescence and just like humans, dogs may become rebellious in some ways. Your puppy may become territorial and aggressive and/or protective.
Once again, the owner needs to practice patience, and persistence. The males will begin lifting a leg and the female will experience her first heat.
10 – 16 MONTHS
Your little dog needs structure and leadership. This helps the dog feel secure and safe. By establishing yourself as the pack leader and demonstrating that you are in control your puppy will be much more comfortable. After all, the real responsibilities are on the pack leader not the young dog. You are the one that is responsible for food and shelter – the basic comforts of life.
During this stage it is important to keep in mind that your dog needs to know that you are in control. Don’t fall into a downward spiral of an escalation of acceptance of those little behaviors that may become increasingly annoying as your puppy ages.
18 – 36 MONTHS
By now your puppy will have become a young adult. As he/she settles into adulthood a routine should be established. There should be a schedule that is routine. This includes things like eating time, rest time, play time and even bed time.
1 – 4 YEARS
Your little dog is sexually mature and is out of the rowdiness of adolescence. He/she is perfectly content to be your companion.
7 YEARS & BEYOND
Your dog is now moving into the senior years. He/she will be laid back and calm. A day spent sleeping beside you is appreciated as much as a day outdoors.
